محمود شبيب
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عدد المساهمات : 3132
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الموقع : اللهم صلي وسلم وبارك علي سيدنا ""محمد"" عليه أفضل الصلاة والسلام
 |  موضوع: The Luxor Museum الثلاثاء فبراير 09, 2010 5:19 pm | |
| The Luxor Museum is surprisingly entertaining. Displays of pottery, jewelry, furniture, statues and stelae were created by the Brooklyn Museum of New York. They include a carefully selected assortment of items from the Theban temples and necropolis. There are a number of exhibits from Tutankhamun, including a cow-goddess head from his tomb on the first floor and his funerary boats on the second floor. However, some of the real attractions include a statue of Tuthmosis III (circa 1436 BC) on the first floor, and 283 sandstone blocks arranged as a wall from the ninth pylon of the Karnak Temple. The hours for the Museum are from 9 am to 1 PM and then from 4 PM until 9 PM. in the winter. Afternoon hours in the summer are from 5 PM until 10 PM. See also: [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] can not of course compete with the wealth of treasures in the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] in [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], but for me it is very special and has its own allure. It was so good to browse about and see the treasures properly displayed in temperature and humidity controlled cases. They are also well and accurately labeled. Yes Luxor museum wins hands down for me. Although the theme of the exhibit is quite clear to a student of Egyptology, due to the lack of graphics a casual visitor will not understand its significance. I did talk the curator’s office about this and was told that suitable graphics which would unite the various exhibits in a harmonious whole had been planned and it is hoped that they will be installed soon.
The begins with a statue of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] depicting the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] of Egypt’s traditional enemies under his feet. As a young man, he was forced to submit to the wishes of his stepmother and regent, [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], who later usurped the throne, but this clever and ambitious man wasted little time. He became a highly successful military commander and eventually won for Egypt the largest empire Egypt would ever control. In earlier times Egypt had been confined within its natural boundaries, consisting of the two deserts west and east, the cataracts of the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the North. This had protected the civilization for many years but eventually Egypt had been invaded by the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]. These hated invaders were eventually expelled, first back to their capital, Avarice, in the Delta by King [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] and then eventually out of Egypt by the founder of the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]. However, the Hyksos bought a new kind of warfare to Egypt using horses and the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] together with a [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], made not of a single piece of wood but many layers which provided more power. The Egyptians were not slow to see the possibilities of these weapons of war and they soon used them to their advantage. At one point the Egyptian Empire stretched from the 4th cataract in the south, and into Syria and Palestine and West into the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] to Zawleten el Rakhem. Therefore, it could justly be said as the inscription from the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] at [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] says ‘all foreign lands unite under the feet of the lord of the two lands’
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة] Chronologically, the exhibition begins with the reign of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], the last king of Egypt 17th Dynasty (the last dynasty of the [url=http://www.touregypt.net/ehistory.htm#Second Intermediate] Second Intermediate Period[/url] . Kahmose was probably the brother of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], and it was Ahmose who founded the grand [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]. A stele records the victory Kahmose had, in only year three of a short reign, over the Hyskos. It would be another twenty years before Ahmose would eventually expel them finally from Egypt, but this was a great victory and heralded the end for the Shepard Kings.
The chariot of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] shown in the museum would have been used for hunting and exercising not for war but it gives one an idea of the flexibility this bought to the battle ground against the slower more cumbersome foot soldiers. The [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] took great delight in learning how to maneuver the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] whilst shooting using a [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]. They did this by tying the reins of the chariot around the waist and this can be quite clearly shown in an inscription of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] related to target practice. Indeed, [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] was so good that he used a target of copper rather than wood. [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]The Egyptians became quite skilled at building [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] and these were manufactured in the Royal workshops along with statues of the king and other objects as is shown on the stone block next to the chariot.
The development of the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] was also a major development, enabling the Egyptians to fire with greater accuracy and from further away. The arrows were made of wood or reed and carried tips of flint, metal, ivory or wood. In a side room the mummy of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] is displayed wrapped in a linen shroud. Intriguingly, he appears to have been delicately built and suffered from arthritis leading one to suppose that he relied more on skill and strategy rather than the brute force of a more robust man. What is certain is he finally rid Egypt of the hated invader. The mummy is displayed in subdued lighting and the atmosphere on the day I went was reverential. In some side cases, personal weapons such as daggers and axes are displayed as well as the golden flies awarded to successful campaigners. The [url=http://www.touregypt.net/ehistory.htm#New Kingdom] New Kingdom[/url] saw the emergence of the Egyptian standing, professional army. Comprising a mixture of young Egyptians, mercenaries and prisoners of war, it was divided into four divisions of 5000 men. Each division was named after one of the four principal national Gods [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] and [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]. These divisions were further divided into companies and each company was divided into groups of 50 men and one officer.
Joining the army allowed many men to become powerful officials and rise through the ranks to positions of great authority. Some of them eventually took the next logical step, towards the end of the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], of seizing the throne, like [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], who is also represented in the exhibit. There is also Amenhotep son of Hapu who lived during the reign of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]. This powerful courtier was awarded the unheard of privilege of having his own mortuary temple built near [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]. He was responsible for the recruitment of young men into the army.
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة] In another side room is a mummy thought to be that of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], and in any event, of a royal person. Returned by the state of Atlanta after years of languishing unnoticed in a provincial museum, this son of Egypt has been returned home.
He takes us into the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] and, after [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] to [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], who is frequently considered to be the greatest warrior pharaoh of them all. The [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], his mortuary temple on the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط], is covered with scenes from his great personal battle success. Of course, modern research into his most famous [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] now seems to indicate that it may very well have been a draw. But other [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] of the [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] were also successful on the battle field and there is an alabaster statue of [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] just to prove that [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] wasn’t the only pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty to have led successful military campaigns.
With such a large empire, many officials spent their lives in far flung parts of the empire. Also on display is a statue of Nehre, a commander of the fortress at Zawleten el Rakhem and there is another of Paseur, chief of archers, and his wife Henut who were at Tell el Hibau, the Road of Horus to Syria and Palestine. One might wonder whether these officials were happy to be so far from Egypt. Perhaps some of them lost opportunities out in these remote areas. One such official was Nakhtmin, who was a general under [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] and [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط] and Ay’s heir apparent. He didn’t make it to the throne and was supplanted by Horemheb. Perhaps service closer to home might have enabled him to grab the throne for himself.
The exhibition ends with objects of the traditional enemies of Egypt, Syrian, Nubian and Libyan with atmospheric names like ‘Great Vile one of Kush’ References: |
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